R-16 (SS-7 Saddler)

The R-16 was a 2-stage intercontinental ballistic missile with tandem stage separation, storable liquid fuel and a single warhead. Designed by the Yangel bureau (OKB-586). Development was authorised 17.12.56 - first planned as a semi-mobile system like the R-12, which could be launched from alternate prepared positions, but this proved to be unrealistic due to the size and weight of the missile. The silo version was authorised 30.5.60.

• R-16:
  • 1st stage (8S81) with 3 RD-217 twin chamber engines, and a RD-68 four chamber steering engine (3 RD-217 engines was grouped as a RD-218)
  • 2nd stage (8S82) with 1 RD-219 twin chamber engine, and a RD-69 four chamber steering engine
• R-16U:
  • 1st stage (8S81U) with 3 RD-217 twin chamber engines, and a 8D63U four chamber steering engine (3 RD-217 engines was grouped as a RD-218)
  • 2nd stage (8S82U) with 1 RD-219 twin chamber engine, and a four chamber steering engine

The costs of a 8K64U was only 50% of a R-7A missile.

The R-16 was built at two plants (700 were built in the 1961-1966 period):

• Yuzhniy Machine Building Plant (plant 586) in Dnepropetrovsk, Dnepropetrovsk Oblast - both R-16 and R-16U - 48 26 00N, 34 58 35E
• Omsk Machine Building Plant (plant 166) in Omsk, Omsk Oblast - only R-16 - 54 57 17N, 73 25 25E

MAZ vehicles and associated trailers were built at the Minsk Automobile Plant (53 51 29N, 27 39 23E) and the Kurgan Wheeled Tractor Plant (55 25 41N, 65 17 28E).

Variants:

R-16 (8K64) - first version (pad only) (SS-7 Saddler mod. 1/2) - first successful test flight 2.2.61, after the well-known disaster 24.10.60 - two warheads available: the light warhead 8F17 (yield 3 MT, 1500 kg) and the heavy warhead 8F115 (yield 5 MT, 2175 kg) - range was 13000 km (light warhead) and 11000 km (heavy warhead) - CEP 2700m, with a max. deviation of 10 km.

R-16U (8K64U) - silo and pad version (SS-7 Saddler mod. 3) - first successful test flight 13.7.62 - two warheads available: 8F17 (see above) or the heavy warhead 8F116 (yield 6 MT, 2200 kg) - range was 13000 km (light warhead) and 10500 km (heavy warhead) - CEP 2700m, with a max. deviation of 10 km.

Launch complexes:

8P864 (Sheksna-N) - 2 launch pads, an underground command post, fuel storage and one or two MIK (assembly, test and missile storage) buildings (which included two extra missiles for a 2nd salvo, although this was abandoned in the late 1960's).

The image above illustrate the rather complex operation of raising the 8K84 missile on the launch pad, which would take about two hours, including transport time from the MIK building. On the left side is a MAZ-535 artillery truck with the 8T139 missile transport trailer - on the right side another MAZ-535 artillery truck with the 8U221 installer trailer, parts of which would be raised before the 8T139 missile transport trailer was raised with the missile itself. The two trailers functioned thus as support towers. Fuelling would be done by the oxidizer tanker 8G134 and the fuel tanker 8G140, after which the two trailers would be lowered, and towed away, leaving the missile standing on the launch pad ("launch table") 8U222. Fuelling and removing the trailers would take about 1hr and 30 min. The missile could now be fired in about 10 min (later reduced to about 5-6 min). The missile could remain fuelled for 30 days.

Model illustrating the above, here with the 8T139 on the right side.

R-16 missile being raised.

Two additional missile trailers were also used: 8T133 (1st stage transport) and 8T134 (2nd stage transport), as well as the 8T210 crane. The MAZ-535 with the 8T139 missile transport trailer was often seen in the Moscow military parades. The MAZ-535 was later replaced by the MAZ-537.

There were three readiness levels:

• Normal ("Constant") - where the missiles were stored in the MIK building - time to launch was 3 hours and 40 min (later this was reduced to 2 hrs and 30 min by highly efficient and skilled crews)
• Raised on pad - where missiles were on the 8U222 pad, but not fuelled - time to launch was 1 hour and 30 min
• Full - where missiles were on the 8U222 pad, fuelled, and the trailers had been withdrawn - time to launch was at least 10 min

Of over 6000 images taken by US satellites of the pad launch areas in the 1960's, only about 2% actually shows the R-16 on the pad, which indicate that the R-16 (pad) missiles were always kept at a low readiness level, and after 1970 the missiles were more or less never seen on the pads, except during rare training exercises.

The US designated the 8P864 as Type IIA, IIB and IID pad sites - the difference between the three types was the distance between pads and different layout and buildings at each site. CIA artist impressions of a Type IIA, a Type IIB and a Type IID site. For diagrams of each site, see the individual regiments.

8P746 (Sheksna-V) silo complex with the 8U239 silo and the 8U16 silo cover - with three 8U239 silos about 60m apart.

The missile was installed in the silo by the 8U240 special installer truck/trailer, and after installation the warhead section would be placed on top of the missile with the help of a 8T210 crane. The missile was fuelled by two underground stationary refuelling equipment stations: oxidizer (8G157) and fuel (8G158). Fuelling would take about 30 min for all three silos, which had to be carried out sequentially. Minimal interval between missile launches was 5 min, so it would take a little over 10 min to launch all three missiles. The missile could only remain fuelled for 30 days.

Sheksna-V silo.

The US designated the 8P746 as Type IIIA silo sites. CIA artist impressions of a Type IIIA (under construction - mid-complete) and a completed Type IIIA site.

Organisational history:

In May, June and July 1960 - 16 Missile Brigades were activated to control the R-16 and R-9A ICBM's - each would have four missile regiments (except for the 216th Guards Missile Brigade with 3 regiments), and each regiment would control up to 3 battalions, with a potential of no less than 189 R-16 and R-9A twin pad sites in total:

• 7th Guards Missile Brigade (Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast)
• 25th Missile Brigade (Yurya, Kirov Oblast)
• 119th Missile Brigade (Nerchinsk, Chita Oblast)
• 124th Missile Brigade (Yasnaya (Olovyannaya), Chita Oblast)
• 133rd Missile Brigade (Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast)
• 165th Guards Missile Brigade (Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast)
• 197th Guards Missile Brigade (Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast)
• 198th Guards Missile Brigade (Kozelsk, Kaluga Oblast)
• 201st Missile Brigade (Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR)
• 202nd Missile Brigade (Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast)
• 205th Guards Missile Brigade (Shadrinsk, Kurgan Oblast)
• 206th Missile Brigade (Bershet, Perm Oblast)
• 211th Guards Missile Brigade (Tomsk, Tomsk Oblast)
• 212th Guards Missile Brigade (Pashino (Gvardeyskiy), Novosibirsk Oblast)
• 213th Guards Missile Brigade (Omsk, Omsk Oblast)
• 216th Guards Missile Brigade (Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast)

Each R-16/R-9A launch site would receive their own number preceded by the letters BSP, which means Military Launch Position - for example, the six launch positions in Drovyannaya were designated BSP-11, BSP-12, BSP-13, BSP-21, BSP-23 and BSP-31. The plans was to have used the designations BSP-1 to BSP-3 for the first regiment, BSP-11 to BSP-13 for the second regiment, and so on.

The silo versions of the R-9A and R-16 were approved 30.5.60, and the brigades was now planned to have a mix of pads and silos.

30.5.61 all brigades were elevated to divisions - by this time, it was now clear that the R-9A and R-16 had clear limitations, and deployment plans were severly curtailed, escpecially for the R-9A missile.

30.3.64 all missile battalions were elevated to regiments, and 58 new regiments were activated.

In 1968 many regiments were again reduced to battalions, in order to release regimental HQ's for the new missiles (R-36 and UR-100).

Chronological deployment history:

Note: the numbers within the brackets, are the missile regiments of which the BSP site was subordinated (initially - from april 1964 - from 1968).

1961:

27.10.61 - BSP-5 (593-593 missile regiment) in Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast (53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

31.10.61 - BSP-1 (677-601-617 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

31.10.61 - BSP-2 (686-595-580 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

1.11.61 - BSP-1 (116-116-603 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

1.11.61 - BSP-2 (116-143-603 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1961 there were 10 R-16 missiles (10 launch pads) operational.

1962:

10.1.62 - BSP-3 (527-527-715 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

10.1.62 - BSP-3 (677-767-617 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

15.1.62 - BSP-24 (593-72 missile regiment) in Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast (53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

10.2.62 - BSP-31 (570-570-570 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.2.62 - BSP-4 (527-640-715 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.2.62 - BSP-1 (575-487-592 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.2.62 - BSP-12 (592-592-592 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.2.62 - BSP-1 (690-690-690 missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.2.62 - BSP-5 (686-175-580 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.2.62 - BSP-3 (594-594-604 missile regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

13.3.62 - BSP-1 (723-723-589 missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

4.62 - BSP-11 (739-67-67 missile regiment) in Itatka, Tomsk Oblast (36th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

10.9.62 - BSP-12 (739-73-73 missile regiment) in Itatka, Tomsk Oblast (36th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

15.9.62 - BSP-33 (590-590-590 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

15.9.62 - BSP-2 (690-611-690 missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

20.9.62 - BSP-2 (730-730-811 missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

10.62 - BSP-21 (565-565-567 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

10.62 - BSP-32 (570-772-570 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

2.10.62 - BSP-23 (680-146-804 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

4.10.62 - BSP-3 (675-675-675 missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

31.10.62 - BSP-18 (131-131-776 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1962 there were 52 R-16 missiles (52 launch pads) operational.

1963:

10.2.63 - BSP-21 (680-808-808 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

11.2.63 - BSP-12 (41-41-753 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

3.3.63 - BSP-25 (593-220-220 missile regiment) in Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast (53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

5.3.63 - BSP-13 (524-399-775 missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

5.3.63 - BSP-13 (739-739-739 missile regiment) in Itatka, Tomsk Oblast (36th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

5.3.63 - BSP-21 (382-382-382 missile regiment) in Pashino, Novosibirsk Oblast (39th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

5.3.63 - BSP-12 (723-176-589 missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

5.63 - BSP-11 (41-526-753 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

30.5.63 - BSP-32 (602-285-771 missile regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

1.7.63 - BSP-12 (357-357-357 missile regiment) in Pashino, Novosibirsk Oblast (39th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

7.7.63 - BSP-13 (357-685-685 missile regiment) in Pashino, Novosibirsk Oblast (39th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

8.7.63 - BSP-21 (675-124-675 missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

8.7.63 - BSP-11 (703-703-703 missile regiment) in Shadrinsk, Kurgan Oblast (17th Missile Brigade) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

10.63 - BSP-13 (575-575-592 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

10.63 - BSP-22 (592-314-590 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

11.63 - BSP-1 (41-753-753 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

11.11.63 - BSP-1 (604-771-771 missile regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.63 - BSP-23 (523-523-697 missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.63 - BSP-11 (575-681-681 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

12.63 - BSP-13 (563-563-563 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

12.63 - BSP-33 (570-774-570 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

3.12.63 - BSP-11 (686-580-580 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

13.12.63 - BSP-16 (690-702-690 missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

15.12.63 - BSP-2 (604-604-604 missile regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

20.12.63 - BSP-31 (116-603-603 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

26.12.63 - BSP-12 (677-617-617 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

30.12.63 - BSP-21 (730-684-811 missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1963 there were 112 R-16 missiles (94 launch pads and 18 silos) operational.

1964:

2.1.64 - BSP-22 (675-558-675 missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

30.1.64 - BSP-4 (594-127-604 missile regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

2.64 - BSP-42 (183-272-183 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

2.64 - BSP-3 (45-342-45 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

2.64 - BSP-23 (592-105-590 missile regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

5.2.64 - BSP-23 (382-826-826 missile regiment) in Pashino, Novosibirsk Oblast (39th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

5.2.64 -  BSP-22 (680-804-804 missile regiment) in Nizhniy Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast (42nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

20.2.64 - BSP-31 (602-602-771 missile regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

22.2.64 - BSP-2 (755-790-121 missile regiment) in Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray (36th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

24.2.64 - BSP-15 (131-776-776 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

24.2.64 - BSP 22 (730-811-811 missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

29.2.64 - BSP-17 (131-700-776 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

3.64 - BSP-21 (523-697-697 missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3-R16U silos.

3.64 - BSP-31 (523-796-720 missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

3.64 - BSP-11 (563-797-563 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

3.64 - BSP-12 (563-794-563 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

16.3.64 - BSP-16 (107-107-107 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

16.3.64 - BSP-41 (107-299-107 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

30.3.64 - BSP-12 (703-46-46 missile regiment) in Shadrinsk, Kurgan Oblast (17th Missile Brigade) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

29.4.64 - BSP-13 (551-551-551 missile regiment) in Olovyannaya, Chita Oblast (47th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

5.64 - BSP-4 (183-183-183 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

8.64 - BSP-2 (45-45-45 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3-R-16U silos.

8.64 - BSP-51 (45-818-183 missile regiment) in Vypolzovo, Kalinin Oblast (7th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

8.64 - BSP-1 (755-755-121 missile regiment) in Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray (36th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

1.12.64 - Site 80 (43rd oiich) in Leninskiy (Leninsk), Kzyl-Orda Oblast (5th Scientific Research Proving Ground) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

12.64 - BSP-12 (524-720-720 missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R16U silos.

12.64 - BSP-23 (565-567-567 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

By the end of 1964 there were 173 R-16 missiles (128 launch pads and 45 silos) operational.

1965:

1.65 - BSP-23 (565-567-567 missile regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

5.1.65 - BSP-11 (357-773-773 missile regiment) in Pashino, Novosibirsk Oblast (39th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

10.2.65 - BSP-21 (527-715-715 missile regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

25.2.65 - BSP 11 (723-589-589 missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

3.3.65 - BSP-13 (703-49-49 missile regiment) in Shadrinsk, Kurgan Oblast (17th Missile Brigade) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

3.65 - BSP-23 (542-542-542 missile regiment) in Olovyannaya, Chita Oblast (47th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

3.65 - BSP-11 (551-698-698 missile regiment) in Olovyannaya, Chita Oblast (47th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

4.65 - BSP-11 (524-775-775 missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3-R16U silos.

4.65 - BSP-11 (755-121-121 missile regiment) in Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray (36th Guards Missile Division) went on alert duty with 3-R16U silos.

By the end of 1965 there were 200 R-16 missiles (128 launch pads and 72 silos) operational - not included were the two test pads in Leninskiy (Leninsk), Kzyl-Orda Oblast (5th Scientific Research Proving Ground).

1966:

By the end of 1966 there were 200 R-16 missiles (128 launch pads and 72 silos) operational.

1967:

00.00.67 - BSP-24 (72nd missile regiment) in Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast (53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.67 - Site 80 (43rd oiich) in Leninskiy (Leninsk), Kzyl-Orda Oblast (5th Scientific Research Proving Ground) went off alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

By the end of 1967 there were 195 R-16 missiles (126 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1968:

By the end of 1968 there were 195 R-16 missiles (126 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1969:

00.00.69 - BSP-11 (67th Missile Regiment) in Itatka, Tomsk Oblast (97th Missile Brigade) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.69 - BSP-12 (73rd Missile Regiment) in Itatka, Tomsk Oblast (97th Missile Brigade) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.69 - BSP-13 (739th Missile Regiment) in Itatka, Tomsk Oblast (97th Missile Brigade) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.69 - BSP-5 (593rd Missile Regiment) in Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast (53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1969 there were 187 R-16 missiles (118 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1970:

00.00.70 - BSP-1 (589th missile regiment) in Bershet, Perm Oblast (52nd Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1970 there were 185 R-16 missiles (116 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1971:

00.00.71 - BSP-13 (775th missile regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.71 - BSP-1 (690th missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.71 - BSP-2 (690th missile regiment) in Yoshkar-Ola, Mariyskaya ASSR (14th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.71 - BSP-31 (570th Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.71 - BSP-32 (570th Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.71 - BSP-12 (563rd Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.71 - BSP-13 (563rd Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1971 there were 171 R-16 missiles (102 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1972:

By the end of 1972 there were 171 R-16 missiles (102 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1973:

By the end of 1973 there were 171 R-16 missiles (102 launch pads and 69 silos) operational.

1974:

00.00.74 - BSP-25 (220th Missile Regiment) in Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast (53rd Scientific Research Proving Ground) went off alert duty with 3 R-16U silos.

By the end of 1974 there were 168 R-16 missiles (102 launch pads and 66 silos) operational.

1975:

00.00.75 - BSP-31 (720th Missile Regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-23 (697th Missile Regiment) in Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast (4th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-1 (603rd Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-2 (603rd Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-41 (107th Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-3 (715th Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-4 (715th Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-18 (776th Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-17 (776th Missile Regiment) in Yurya, Kirov Oblast (8th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-1 (592nd Missile Regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-13 (592nd Missile Regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-22 (590th Missile Regiment) in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast (10th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-11 (563rd Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-21 (567th Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-33 (570th Missile Regiment) in Svobodnyy, Amur Oblast (27th Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-1 (121st Missile Regiment) in Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray (36th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-2 (121st Missile Regiment) in Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray (36th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-3 (604th Missile Regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-4 (604th Missile Regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-31 (771st Missile Regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

00.00.75 - BSP-32 (771st Missile Regiment) in Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast (54th Guards Missile Division) went off alert duty with 2 R-16 pads.

By the end of 1975 there were 126 R-16 missiles (60 launch pads and 66 silos) operational.

1976:

00.00.76 all the remaining pad sites went off alert duty.

By the end of 1976 there were 66 R-16 missiles (0 launch pads and 66 silos) operational.

1977:

00.00.77 all the remaining silo sites went off alert duty.

By the end of 1977 there were 0 R-16 missiles (0 launch pads and 0 silos) operational.