278th independent Engineering & Test Unit

278-я отдельная инженерно-испытательная часть

Military Unit: 01678

Activated 1.4.82 in Leninsk, Kzyl-Orda Oblast, from parts of the 47th independent Engineering & Test Unit, under the 6th Test Department, Baikonur Test Center (5th NIIP).

The units main tasks were operating the assembly-servicing complex for the Energiya/Buran system, as well as the launch complex at Site 250

Disbanded 1994.

HQ at Site 113 (45 54 59N, 63 16 55E).

Baikonur Test Center - Site 250 (46 00 32N, 63 18 13E)

• one 11K25 pad - built 1979-1985
• one launch 15.5.87 with the 11K25 (Energiya)
• preserved

Baikonur Test Center - Site 250A (45 59 15N, 63 16 19E)

• launch command center
• boiler area, storage and unloading zone

Baikonur Test Center - Site 253 (45 55 40N, 63 18 58E)

• OKI-OK "Buran" - ground fire complex for the Buran orbiter - engine test area
• dismantled

Baikonur Test Center - Site 254 (45 55 18N, 63 18 04E)

• Buran orbiter assembly & integration building (MIK)